Calories in 4 Oz. Beef Stew
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world'south favorite film characters to life, The Sorcerer of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In award of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the xanthous brick slideshow to peek backside that drape and learn more than about the secrets and fun facts that brand the dearest picture show a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Motion-picture show
Equally a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 moving picture adaptation. Hamilton called her amanuensis to ask which grapheme the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed piece of work fourth dimension. Three days earlier filming began, the studio agreed to a v-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, only many of her scenes were cut for being too scary for audiences.
Dorothy'southward Original Await Was More than Film Star Than Farm Girl
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was immature at the time, the 16-year-former Garland had to wear a corset-similar device and then she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wearable a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. Afterwards MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Picture Magic
The Magician of Oz employs a lot of smashing movie tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings squad spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from beneath. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Dice — W Westward W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Really Dangerous
1 of the Wicked Witch's concluding-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snowfall. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the consequence of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than breathy toxic connectedness than that.
All that magical snow? It'southward actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was still Hollywood's preferred choice for false snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't grab whatsoever snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Can Man'due south) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Can Man'southward aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup feel was ameliorate than Ebsen's, he even so had some problems. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the await of burlap. After the picture show wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the outset have, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the 2d take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor every bit planned, merely her cape snagged on the platform when the burn down flared upward. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-caste burns on her hands and face up. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're chosen in the source cloth — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting down on human marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature condom monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Nearly on the Cutting Room Flooring
To no 1'southward surprise, the American Picture show Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise y'all? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cutting from the motion-picture show.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the vocal's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business organisation melted similar lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Let Jack Haley to Residual Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a ninety-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't accept it easy either. From the lingering concerns nigh the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" body and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so strong that he had to lean against a lath to residual properly. Many years afterwards, role player Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their bug.
The Original Tin can Homo Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. Still, Ebsen'due south new character, the Tin Man, acquired him a world of bug. Namely, the character'due south silverish makeup independent a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen'due south lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the office with Jack Haley (and changed upward the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the terminal pic, his vocals tin be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave The states the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is total of practical special effects that really hold upwardly. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking fabricated of muslin. The special effects team spun it effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Confronting the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature business firm that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to brand it await like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up And then Either
Pay inequality has always been an event in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vocalism of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snowfall White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to make roughly $eight million.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was meliorate than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — merely it withal didn't reflect the picture'south success. Fifty-fifty more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the canis familiaris earned $125 per calendar week every bit Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM idea it might bandage its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio'southward title card — as the cowardly graphic symbol. Fortunately, for the safe of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr equally the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a ninety-pound outfit made from real panthera leo skin. Nonetheless, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his graphic symbol'due south fretfulness. Each night, ii stagehands dried the costume for the adjacent 24-hour interval.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The motion picture started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upward an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'south well-nigh $50 meg adapted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $3 meg at the box office — about $51.8 million by today'south standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era movie, remember that Disney made $8 million with Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's small success in the U.S. barely covered production and moving-picture show rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — only success overseas fortunately bolstered the pic's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to immature actors to assist them sleep subsequently studios shot them upwardly with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a author for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and caput Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'holding.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalism of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'south feature-length blithe film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Non only did the picture show revolutionize the animation manufacture, it besides reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — and so the almost successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Magician of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited part in Oz. During the Tin can Human's "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore fine art thou Romeo?"
The Cerise Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy'due south iconic footwear was originally silvery, only screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red colour would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's main costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, simply the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Only I Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy'south quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Every bit was customary at the fourth dimension, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to send audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A 2d Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily past Terry, is one of the most honey dogs in flick history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special furnishings and can ofttimes be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Human being spouts out all of that steam.
Afterwards i of the Witch'southward guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through ii doubles to find i that resembled the original canine role player more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was then fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the domestic dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than simply your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than than 35 years after the moving-picture show debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'south costume to show kids information technology was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the graphic symbol.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, simply she was too a deplorable, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch's character.
The "Equus caballus of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were simply as amazed every bit Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin can Man and the Cowardly Lion when the equus caballus in Emerald Urban center took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a dissimilar color" was made possible thank you to a surprising nutrient item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move chop-chop — the animals were eager to lick upwards the sweet care for. Just the colorful steed isn't the but interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was one time owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in club to requite life to this fantasy film. To keep upwardly with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to arrive earlier 5:00 in the morn — 6 days a calendar week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Make full the Motion-picture show
The moving picture is chock-total of iconic, memorable songs, and information technology has the keen fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in motion-picture show history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Motion-picture show Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film'southward lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the drapery" was voted #24, while "There's no identify like dwelling" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'southward Burn Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the moving picture is incredible. Similar the "horse of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly afterward Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the immature girl'south anxiety. However, fire strikes the Witch's easily, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple tree juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to brand it expect more flame-similar.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and role problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the fix to a toasty 100 degrees.
Later on the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would wait best on film, especially in colorized class. For example, the white part of Dorothy's wearing apparel is actually pinkish — simply because information technology filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is and then excited about? Information technology'south actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than I Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the W'south beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the curt-lived possessor of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby-red slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The showtime cut of the motion-picture show clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nix past today's Curiosity movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Afterward cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (acme right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin can Man becomes a man beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West functioning too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not anybody thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'southward nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the moving-picture show'due south starring foes were actually friends. 1 story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to clothing it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more than apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem every bit though the entire film was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
It's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to raise the surprise of the picture turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the film'due south debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Magician of Oz proved popular in theaters, another moving picture released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box part. (You may have heard of that little film — it'southward called Gone with the Wind.) Still, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thank you in part to re-releases.
The film was first broadcast on television on Nov iii, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is one of the 10 most-watched characteristic-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of almanac television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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